IBCOL 2023 Projects

The global second-hand car sector is faced with difficulties related to an unclear and unreliable documenting and archiving approach. Stakeholders face a major obstacle due to a reliance on paper-based records that is problematic. The current vehicle information systems can be modified in order to generate and issue wrong messages since they rely on poor authentication mechanisms. Billions of dollars of fraud in the market for reconditioned automobiles go unnoticed annually, with a large number of victims among stakeholders. Therefore, our proposed solution centers on a vehicle information system using blockchain technology that is also termed a decentralized digital ledger, having no central authority or point of control. At present, most of the vehicle information systems that exist around the globe are frail and only deliver on two fronts, namely, efficiency and safety. The innovative method that we adopt secures the data and ensures authenticated record-keeping using blockchain platforms. This will also have a direct impact on the SDG goals, like Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Goal 11, and goal 13 as well. By Implementation, the process of handling the vehicles becomes more secure, reliable, and seamless, allowing quick identification of unintended problems.

This white paper presents our blockchain-based solution to address the lack of transparency and accountability in charity organizations. To overcome challenges faced by donors in tracking and verifying their donations, particularly in light of past scams in Bangladesh, we Team Minty Blockers propose a comprehensive blockchain solution for the charity system. The initial step involves verifying charity organizations through the NGO Affairs Bureau. Once verified, donors can see the organization’s verification status and confidently donate to upcoming events hosted by these trusted NGOs. Our solution leverages blockchain technology to enhance transparency and accountability, providing reassurance to existing donors and attracting more foreign aid donations. The integration of this robust system gives foreign aid organizations confidence that their contributions will be effectively utilized for social causes. Donors can now contribute with peace of mind, knowing that their funds are being properly utilized, while foreign aid organizations can actively engage in supporting charitable initiatives in Bangladesh.

Global land ownership systems could undergo a revolution because to blockchain technology. It can aid in the development of land title management and recording systems that are more safe, open, and effective. This is especially crucial in developing nations because land ownership documents are sometimes erroneous or inadequate there. 

Bangladesh is an excellent illustration of a nation where land ownership might be significantly impacted by blockchain technology. The nation's economy is expanding along with its population, but its land ownership structure is unreliable and corruptible. It is therefore challenging for many people with modest incomes to own land. One potential solution to these issues is a land ownership system based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is a transparent, safe distributed impenetrable ledger system. It is therefore perfect for keeping and organizing land title documents. 

Additionally, land transfers can be made faster and less expensive with the use of blockchain. At the moment, land transfers in Bangladesh might cost $1,500 and take up to 120 days. The time and expense involved might be greatly decreased with a blockchain-based approach. In Bangladesh, a blockchain-based land ownership system should be implemented using a phased adoption strategy. This architecture would progressively expand to two layers of a hybrid blockchain from a public blockchain ledger. This would make it easier to scale up and implement the system. 

Some advantages of adopting blockchain technology for land ownership include Safety, transparency, efficiency, and many more. All things considered, blockchain has the power to completely transform land ownership structures everywhere. It can aid in the creation of more transparent, safe, and effective procedures for managing and registering land titles. This is especially crucial in developing nations because land ownership documents are sometimes erroneous or inadequate there.

In an era marked by escalating cybersecurity threats and valuable data leakage, Project HEXA emerges as a robust shield, leveraging blockchain technology to fortify businesses against the looming specter of third-party data breaches. Recognizing the paramount importance of data protection in contemporary business landscapes, HEXA establishes a secure paradigm by maintaining the pillars of transparency, immutability, and decentralization inherent in blockchain. 

Project HEXA is a blockchain-based project that provides solutions to protect businesses from the threats associated with third-party data breaches and security vulnerabilities. The solution addresses data breaches, vendor risk management and supply chain vulnerabilities using blockchain technology, homomorphic encryption and asymmetric cryptography. The project aligns with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) fulfilling corporate social responsibilities of accountability, responsibility and reputation. 

Integration of Homomorphic encryption enables computation on encrypted data while maintaining its confidentiality, whereas, utilization of Asymmetric cryptography, enables secured communication ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation of data using a pair of related keys. However, HEXA concentrates on reducing risks from third-party service providers and suppliers, helping fortify businesses against security breaches, privacy violations, and unauthorized access to critical information.

This whitepaper proposes a blockchain-based solution to  electronic waste management, tracking, and supply chain provenance architecture to enable a circular economic system.

Circular economy enforces the reusing and recycling of materials that would have otherwise been disposed of in landfills. Wastes often go untracked and unregulated and in turn impact our environment and climate. However, ensuring a circular supply chain is challenging because of its broad spectrum of stakeholders and lack of trust among them. We put forward a decentralized solution to this problem by leveraging Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence, EcoTrace

EcoTrace is a decentralized  E-market platform where the ownership and status of electronic devices are tracked and stored throughout the supply chain. It connects the end users to recycling facilities and suppliers to reuse recycle, and remanufacture the devices and thus, empowering a circular supply chain.

In EcoTrace, value is added to electronic waste and can be traded to facilities/companies in return for economic value. Therefore, incentivizing citizens to partake in the circular economy. Besides, EcoTrace provides supply chain provenance where any stakeholder in the network can access permissioned data and determine the authenticity and materials of products. They can also sell used devices to companies so that they can reuse the materials, reducing the cost of manufacturing,  and ensuring fair trade, and a Circular Economic Ecosystem.

Intellectual Properties (IP) give the inventor the legal right to exclude anyone from inventing, using, or selling their invention or creation. With the growing innovation, the concern about effectively maintaining their integrity and ownership is skyrocketing. Moreover, a comprehensive ecosystem is needed if creators want to sell or license their IPs to earn from them, there needs to be a comprehensive ecosystem that manages the non-repudiation of their IPs and the associated financial rewards. We propose IPBlockchainPro, a blockchain-based decentralized IP management system that revolutionizes the ecosystem. 

Our solution is designed to address four key factors: licensing, monetization, funding, and valuation, by establishing a secure, transparent system to ensure the protection, registration, and trading of IP. This decentralized platform simplifies the IP registration process, transparently manages royalties, accelerates transactions through smart contracts, and provides a marketplace for IP assets with data-driven valuation capabilities. Beyond its technical prowess, IPBlockchainPro fosters a culture of digital ethics, aligns with national development agendas, and empowers Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) by reducing commercialization risks and enabling global collaboration. With a user-friendly interface and a commitment to data privacy, it stands as a catalyst for innovation, economic growth, and ethical IP practices in the modern digital era.

Remittance is the one of the largest source of foreign currency in developing countries. For example, in Bangladesh. About 10 million migrant workers contribute to the remittance inflow. With the increasing migrant workers each year, remittance inflow and its contribution to GDP has not increased comparatively. This is because people are choosing illegal money transfer mediums such as hundi transfer.

In this paper, we discuss why people prefer illegal money transfer medium- “Hundi” from which government earns nothing from the transaction to traditional banking systems. We identified several limitations to our current bank transfer including with one of the key causes being high exchange rate, inefficient onboarding, vulnerable KYC, error prone, limited control and challenges in regulatory compliance. In line with SDG 10 and SDG 16, we proposed a decentralized Blockchain Platform “B-DESH” Powering Smart Contract-Based Remittances, to mitigate hundi so that people are drawn in a legal system where government also gets the portion from the money transfer. Blockchain technology can ensure traceability, transparency, data privacy and prevention of fraudulent which meets the SDG 16. Expected transaction fee is below 2% whereas, SDG 10 aims to keep the remittance fee below 3%.

Our process involves three segments: KYC establishes a biometric profile and wallet ID stored in a private IPFS cloud, with hashed values in smart contracts. Smart contracts enable real-time, intermediary-free money transfers, with DeFi as a liquidity provider. Post-payment, the distributed ledger verifies transactions. Our project aligns with SDG 10, targeting a 2% exchange rate to reduce transaction costs, and contributes to SDG 16 by ensuring transparency and accountability in financial transactions through blockchain technology.

Many nations' agricultural industries are struggling with issues like underutilized arable land and inadequate infrastructure as a result of low investment, which raises severe questions about the availability of food and general economic growth. We propose a blockchain-powered smart agriculture system that links farmers, landowners, and investors to give farmers access to land and financial resources in order to fulfill the growing need for food and address the aforementioned issues. The method simplifies land sharing and profit-driven crowdfunding by utilizing blockchain technology, which promotes open and accountable relationships among all parties involved. In order to demonstrate the system's application, we describe its architecture, show off its created system, and provide an example of a use case in this article. Next, we evaluate the performance of the developed system by measuring response time and latency. Finally, we discuss the advantages of the developed system, how it will affect sustainable agriculture, and what success criteria are essential to the project's success.

This project hopes to solve SDG Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and Goal 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) by addressing the urgent need for clean energy in rural China, where access to clean energy sources remains limited. The scope of this project is not limited to only rural China but to other countries as well, which can be possible through the incorporation of blockchain technology, IoT, smart contracts, and innovative financial models. It aims to reshape entire villages into virtual power plants, seamlessly connect households with the grid, and convey information through a user-friendly application.

1. Blockchain IDs and access controls ensure that only authorized users can participate, and data encryption ensures that data remains confidential. Zero-knowledge proofs allow for data verification without exposing sensitive information.

2. The project's financial model offers flexible payment plans, including crowdfunding, equity crowdfunding, and four pay models: pay 100%, 70%, 50% and 30%.

3. The application shows the data collected by IoT sensors and smart meters. It has gamification elements where users can collect points and trade for either crowdfunding, NFTs, or discounts.

With the development of the insurance industry, more and more new types of insurance have joined the sector. Insurance purchasers usually buy insurance through insurance agents, but this method of purchasing insurance is something prone to insurance fraud. In addition, users' personal information privacy is often under threat, and it is difficult to balance sharing insured information among stakeholders and protecting privacy. The access rights for reading and modifying information are hard to accurately distinguish and define. To solve the above problems, we formed the BlockInsure team and proposed the concept of an electronic insurance wallet, dedicated to building a transparent one-stop insurance blockchain platform for policyholders to verify and manage insurance policies, and assist policyholders with claim allocations across different insurers. We cooperate with insurance companies and regulators to provide policy validation for policyholders, in order to establish trust among the stakeholders.

In response to the pressing need for sustainable travel, this proposal outlines a comprehensive solution aimed at increasing public and local business participation in carbon neutrality and improving hotel ESG disclosure performance. The solution is based on the development of blockchain technology in the Web 3.0 era. The project will focus on three key components:

1. Direct Carbon Footprint Tracking: This crucial component of our solution involves real-time data collection from local power plants regarding the electricity consumption of hotels. Blockchain technology is efficient and suitable for building a transparent and tamper-proof ledger of carbon footprint data. These data blocks are securely stored on blockchain servers, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the information. By directly linking with the power plants, we eliminate the need for hotels to self-report their energy consumption, thus reducing the risk of inaccurate or manipulated data.

2. Carbon Information Analysis: To make sense of this data, hotels need to employ sophisticated analytics tools that consider occupancy rates, peak usage periods, and the overall trends in carbon footprint changes. This analysis provides valuable insights into a hotel's environmental impact and energy efficiency. It enables hotels to identify opportunities for optimization, set emission reduction targets, and enhance their ESG performance.

3. Green Information System (Hotel Guests & Nearby Businesses): Beyond internal improvements, hotels share the insights gained from carbon emissions analysis with neighboring businesses through our Green Information System. This system highlights peak emission periods and other relevant data. Armed with this information, local businesses can strategically time their promotions and offers. These targeted incentives are then distributed to hotel guests via their Web3 wallets, creating a win-win situation.

These components form an organic system that empowers hotels to generate actionable data for enhancing their ESG performance and energy efficiency. It also provides tourists with the ability to trace the electricity sources powering the hotels they choose to stay in, fostering transparency and environmental responsibility. Simultaneously, nearby businesses participate in the promotion of green tourism, thereby contributing to the development of both Web3 technology and sustainable travel practices.

This whitepaper will provide a comprehensive overview of CrossVote, a cross-chain governance solution that activates voting power stranded in off-chain wallets, between  compatible chain pairings. The paper is structured to include and illustrate the problem being solved, the overview of our solution, existing competition, features, benefits and impacts, risks, and critical success factors.

With the government's measures in “Competing for Talents and Enterprises” aiming to attract 35000 foreign talents per year, companies have to examine numerous people’s skills, academic qualifications and other certifications in order to look for people who accord with the requirements. Moreover, it is time and manpower consuming to search and confirm different candidates’ academic credentials, which blockchain technology will be able to help. 

Blockchain technology is able to store and secure myriad academic data and certificates of different people. It is also able to prevent people from falsifying their certificates, increasing the candidates’ credibility. Additionally, it is able to provide a quicker method for searching and selecting candidates who can meet requirements of different companies. 

By utilizing blockchain technology on storing and retrieving individual’s data, it will greatly reduce the amount of manpower and time required for retrieving data and selecting suitable candidates for the companing. Plus, it will significantly improve the quality of the recruited candidates as candidates who are selected by the company are more qualified and suitable for the company.

Medical certificates are documents attesting to a patient's health status after a medical visit. However, they may be forged for various reasons, such as the lower cost of buying a fake certificate online, to enjoy paid sick leave, or for the convenience of escaping official examination.

To address these issues, Medacert proposes implementing blockchain technology to create a traceable and efficient platform for the issuance and verification of medical certificates. Medacert aims to ensure that any medical certificates issued are verifiable and securely stored, thereby combating the issue of counterfeit and tampered certificates. By standardising the format of reporting, Medacert also improves the efficiency of the verification process and establishes trust among various parties.

Smart contracts enable automatic verification of medical certificates, reducing the need for manual verification and improving efficiency. The security and privacy of patient information are protected by advanced encryption measures. To tackle potential fraudulent or inaccurate data being added to the system, Medacert allows holders to decline the request when confirming certificates. Privacy controls are employed to mitigate the risk of sensitive personal information being visible to malicious users with access to the network. In addition, the system is governed by the Medical Council, acting as a trusted third-party node to ensure authenticity and order are maintained.

The critical success factors include incentives, partnerships, and interoperability. Incentives for patients, medical professionals, hospitals, and clinics include improved efficiency, accuracy, security, and privacy, leading to lower costs and improved patient outcomes. Collaboration with the Hospital Authority is crucial for the platform’s effective operation, and the inclusion of all licensed healthcare providers are key success factors to achieve interoperability and ensure the secure exchange of health information between stakeholders.

Overall, Medacert hopes to provide a better healthcare experience for everyone, benefiting patients, healthcare providers, and various verifiers, while ensuring the security and privacy of patient information.

Inequality of opportunities for students with disadvantaged backgrounds such as disabilities and lower socio-economic status has been a long term issue globally.

Manual credential verification through phone calls, costly unstandardised traditional verification platforms have caused extreme administrative burden in admission offices and human resources. As a result, the inability to logically verify students has placed disprivileged students to a disadvantage because of discrimination and reliance on instinct. Therefore, such students have lost the opportunity in employment and education.

Emphasizing with such talented students, VertChain revolutionizes both traditional and blockchain education credential space, in order to provide a verifiable and easy-onboarding platform for education institutes, students and admission organizations.

Through Vertchain, schools and students would be able to fully sovereign their student’s credentials, while giving students the ownership of their achievements, allowing verifiable details of the student to be attached to an unique blockchain file format. This creates a standardized approach to verification through mutual agreement without any intermediates and compatible both on-chain and off-chain, bridging lower income schools to the blockchain era.

Noticing the lack of verifiable opportunities in the perspective of disadvantaged students, VertChain onboards legacy systems with online learning platforms, scholarships and competitive opportunities. Relieving administrative burden to convert traditional digital certification through blockchain intermediates. Students would be able to gain full ownership for awarded credentials immediately after completion of achievement, stored in their unique decentralized identity.

VertChain block-ifys education, verified achievement. Creating equal opportunity for talented youth that have been overlooked.

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a systematic maintenance, improvement, and broadening of relevant knowledge and skills, and the development of these qualities necessary for successfully carrying out professional duties throughout the careers of any professional worker. It aims at enhancing individual worth, and thus corporate performance.

However, this scheme requires the participants to fill in the form themselves, and it may be very unreliable and easily cheated. Therefore, we have come up with this blockchain project, which allows the course holders to fill the attendance into the blockchain, so that the participants would not be able to cheat the system by faking results. 

Besides the system can be used in the economic category. In this day and age, freelancers or what we call “ slashers” are gradually more prevalent. They earn money from different occupations. For instance, a photographer might be a dancer at the same time. As the money is paid respectively and it’s not under the government’s control, it’s relatively harder for the government to track down these individuals. There’s a high possibility for these people to undergo tax evasion.

Therefore, we could use the blockchain technology system to assist the government. More and more job-provided platforms like taxi companies, and food delivery companies would be trusted by the government and tax evasion can be more easily tracked. By doing so, the government could keep an eye on the individuals and prevent tax evasion from happening, or at least reduce the amount of people who would do so.

Our project aims to solve the issue of athlete registration cards (ARCs). To participate in sports competitions, students need to obtain an ARC from the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation (HKSSF) by providing a bunch of personal information. However, these ARCs have a validity period of only one year. In addition, if students transfer to another school, they need to apply for a new card and also pay again, which increases the workload and cost for both students and HKSSF. Therefore, we propose to improve the ARC application system by creating an electronic ARC.

Regarding the issue of transferring schools, students can maintain their own data, which ensures that they can submit it to HKSSF regardless of which school they transfer to. If students need to change their data, they can add new data to the blockchain themselves, and HKSSF can be informed of the update.

Lastly, in terms of security issues, as the blockchain system protects the data, and only the owner of the data can authorize others to access it, it ensures that only authorized accounts, such as HKSSF, can access the data. Additionally, blockchain increases transparency since all data is not controlled by HKSSF alone. In the end, the ARC will be electronic, removing the risk of losing or damaging the ARC.

This solution proposes LockChain, a decentralized ledger-based system to preserve and manage legal evidence of a digital nature. Currently, the legal evidence process faces issues with trust, transparency, and accessibility over long periods. LockChain aims to address these challenges.

LockChain leverages blockchain and innovative contract technologies to provide an open and tamper-proof system where multiple stakeholders can collaboratively store and regulate access to legal evidence according to procedures. We first develop a robust digital identity system to create a trusted digital identity that is connected to the digital evidence. Legal evidence such as documents, photos, and videos are encrypted and stored securely while linked to a blockchain. Access policies defined through smart contracts determine which authorized parties can decrypt and view the evidence as cases progress.

By utilizing public-key encryption, LockChain ensures that only permitted stakeholders can access evidence while maintaining an immutable record of the chain of custody. This preserves legal evidence securely for scrutiny even decades after collection. LockChain aims to solve trust issues by creating transparency in the evidence-handling process through an open, yet private distributed ledger. This protects evidence integrity and makes the legal process more robust and equitable for all parties.

Join the circular economy revolution with CircularX, a waste trading blockchain platform. The world faces resource depletion and environmental damage, demanding a transition to circular economy practices. Today, our economy is only 8.6% circular because of low awareness, complex solutions, and a lack of trust among stakeholders. To address this problem, CircularX introduces a compelling blockchain solution that empowers businesses to turn waste into regenerative materials. CircularX is a SupTech (Supervisory Tech) and ReFi (Regenerative Finance) platform with five components:

• Secure Collection: Mobile app, crypto wallet, and access-control accounts are used by all permissioned stakeholders with hashed QR-coded waste tokenization for proof of existence and transaction.

• Trusted Transportation: Real-time monitoring and tamper-proof tracking maintains waste quality. GPS and ambiance sensors are used for monitoring materials.

• Reliable Valuation: Value appraisal will be undertaken by evaluators in ring signatures.

• Smart Marketplace: Secure transactions are facilitated by matching algorithms and smart contracts.

• Circular Economy: Regulatory compliance monitoring and automated reporting on every step including remanufacturing and further impact with additional incentives for sustainability.

For phase 1, CircularX focuses on working with businesses on tackling various waste types (e.g. plastics, paper), maximizing the value of regenerative assets (waste) in the marketplace. Its decentralized, scalable, and trustworthy platform works with multiple industry sectors (e.g. retailers and manufacturers) and ecosystem stakeholders (e.g. collection centers, recyclers, and remanufacturers). For phase 2, CircularX will introduce web3 and mobile app support for consumers with digital ownership and token reward.

A McKinsey study showed that a shift to a circular economy could yield €1.8 trillion in economic benefits by 2030. Together, let's build a world where waste is valuable and sustainability is rewarded. CircularX: Changing Waste to Wealth.

Mediform allows one to consult experienced doctors of different diseases and fields, overcoming the geographical distance. Due to different reasons, including diet and weather, different countries have different specialities in curing different diseases. South Korea, for example, is the best country for curing stomach cancer. It is understandable that every patient with a severe disease, such as cancer, would like to receive the best treatment in order to increase their survival chance. We, Mediform, provide this chance for everyone. Mediform provides a platform for patients all around the world to access the best doctors in a range of diseases, and insurance options when it comes to paying fee. The medical history of the patient, which should be inputted by the hospital that one goes to, will be stored on Mediform to ensure the most accurate diagnosis is done.  With the use of blockchain technology, Mediform ensures high level security of data and trustworthy doctors.  

In the fast-paced world of eSports and gaming, one of the most problematic and significant issues is cheating. Cheating threatens the very essence of fair play, sportsmanship, and the integrity that underpins the digital battleground.

Imagine countless hours of practice, relentless dedication, and undeniable talent converge, only to be overshadowed by the nefarious deeds of cheaters. The impact of cheating in eSports and gaming is not merely a matter of a lost match or a shattered ego; it seeps into the core of the gaming community, tainting the honorable and dependable system of fair gaming.

At its core, cheating embodies a betrayal of trust, both towards other competitors and the passionate fans who invest their time, energy, and emotions into observing and supporting their favorite players. It erodes the level playing field upon which these battles should take place, turning the arena into an unjust battleground. The consequences are far-reaching, casting doubt on the authenticity of not only individual achievements, but the entire competitive realm itself.

The severity of cheating goes beyond the surface level damage it inflicts. It sows seeds of resentment and disillusionment among players who have dedicated their lives to their craft, only to be outshined by those who resort to unsavory means. The weight of such disappointment can crush spirits, fracture friendships, and drive individuals away from the very thing they once loved. When the purity of competition becomes tainted, it sends ripples of disillusionment throughout the entire gaming community.

Moreover, cheating distorts the very notion of progress and personal growth. In a world where perseverance and mastery are revered, cheaters erode the value of hard work by bypassing challenges meant to test one's abilities. The satisfaction in overcoming obstacles, the sense of accomplishment derived from honing skills, and the growth that arises from pushing boundaries are all cheapened in the presence of cheating. What was once a journey of self-improvement and self-discovery becomes a mere facade, as achievements are tainted by a shadow of doubt.

Recognizing the severity of cheating is the first step towards overcoming this obstacle. Instituting robust anti-cheating measures, intensifying sanctions, and fostering a culture of fair play are essential for safeguarding the integrity of the sport.

The digital transformation of the recruiting landscape introduces new challenges, including the risk of fraudulent claims and cheating on important digital documents. To address these concerns and ensure a smooth and trustworthy recruitment process, we propose an enterprise software solution — a current working project named Digital Trusted Transcripts (DTT). DTT enables students to manage their academic and extracurricular achievements in a portable and paperless manner. It also allows students to provide authentic information to any verifier at any time, ensuring the information is as trusted as if it was provided directly from the source.

DTT handles various documents, including academic transcripts from home institutions, academic transcripts from exchange institutions, and records of extracurricular activities within and outside of academic institutions.

The key features include digital dossier (i.e. application for holding transcripts and records from Level 1 to 4), record retrieval app (to request Level 4 records from golden source and to mint Level 3 records through web authentication), record creation app (for golden source issuers to issue Level 4 records), record minting engine (for creating Level 3 records), and inspection app (for validating, authenticating, and verifying records from Level 1 to 4).

• Level 1: declaration only

• Level 2: declaration with unverifiable, unauthenticated, and hopefully valid supporting documents

• Level 3: authenticated records

• Level 4: verifiable records

The solution incorporates an efficient verification process. By leveraging the transparency and traceability features of blockchain, stakeholders can easily verify the extracurricular involvement of candidates. This streamlined verification process, which is consent-based and timely, saves time and effort, benefiting both recruiters and applicants. It preserves trust and transparency, making it more efficient than current paper-centric or spreadsheet-based practices.

Furthermore, the recruiting side needs to gain access to a candidate’s data with their consent. Candidates may only submit materials related to the recruiting process. Selective and partial disclosure is possible with privacy-enhancing tech like zero-knowledge proofs. This selective transparency facilitates informed decision-making for the recruiting side by providing relevant materials while maintaining a level of privacy for candidates.

With the background check completed in the first step, the selection process can be automated with smart contracts. Recruiters can program the contracts to automatically categorize candidates into different groups based on educational background, experience level, or specific skills. This saves time and effort in matching candidates with job requirements, allowing recruiters to filter out unqualified candidates and focus on accessing a list of targeted candidates.

To successfully implement this solution, collaboration across institutions and non-institutions is crucial. This facilitates data sharing and interoperability, which are the foundations of innovation and knowledge sharing. By having a network built on trust, student societies, education institutions, and various stakeholders can create an effective recruitment process aligned with their interests.

Since City University of Hong Kong (CityU) is known for its strong connections with various educational institutions and companies, offering many placement and internship opportunities for students. These connections cover different sectors and industries, allowing students to acquire practical experience and industry insights, which improve their employability after graduation. Furthermore, CityU provides a variety of student services, such as residence halls and sports teams. These connections and services are part of CityU’s holistic education approach, which aims to prepare students with the skills and knowledge they need for their future careers. By understanding these aspects, we can improve our product to suit the needs of CityU students, increasing its effectiveness and relevance. This could involve customizing features to help students access these opportunities and services, or linking with CityU’s existing systems to provide a smooth user experience. Ultimately, our goal is to create a product that adds value to the students’ educational experience at CityU.

In conclusion, our blockchain-based solution for managing extracurricular transcripts in student societies offers significant benefits for the recruiting process. With secure record storage, efficient verification, transparent transaction records, and the exploration of smart contract implementation, the solution ensures due diligence and enhances the overall efficiency and effectiveness of recruiting practices. As the recruiting landscape continues to evolve, this blockchain-enabled approach presents a promising solution to address the challenges of secure and transparent recruiting.

This project addresses the pressing problem of double voting in Hong Kong district election and the identity theft. To address the issues mentioned, a comprehensive identification blockchain system for voters is proposed in the proposal. Also, the potential risks of the system are evaluated in the report. Therefore, this proposal suggested success elements to secure the process of voting in district election. We hope to boost the trust from Hong Kong citizens in the blockchain voting system by lower the concerns about data privacy, cybersecurity, and inclusivity.

While centralised public scooters and bicycle rental solutions have been thoroughly explored and created globally in the past few years, similar public rental services for self-driving cars have not yet been introduced on a large scale. The relatively higher financial risk involved - such as the cost of repairing damaged vehicles - meant that the statuses of the rented vehicles have to be monitored effectively and closely. The current flaws and limitations of centralised systems have proved to be obstacles for implementing such a service on a larger scale.

With the introduction of blockchain technology, many of the aforementioned risks and current problems with centralised systems can now be resolved. Some research papers*(1)* have already looked into the possibility of using blockchain in transportation, yet there has not been a comprehensive plan for making use of this technology in public rental services.

Our proposal aims to implement blockchain technology in this field in order to provide a public rental service for autonomous vehicles. In our solution, three blockchains will be used - one for transactions, one for vehicle status, and a final one for dealing with legal issues regarding vehicle misuse or damage. The use of blockchains to store the information would provide an extra layer of security, privacy and authenticity while the collection and processing of sensory data from vehicles would make determining the status of each vehicle and calculating costs more efficient.

In the face of soaring real estate costs, property ownership remains a distant dream for many. However, a transformative solution emerges through the integration of blockchain technology, exemplified by X-bit. This innovative platform empowers the broader population to invest in real estate by dividing properties into fractional shares. Sellers tokenize their properties, creating, for instance, 10 partitions, each representing a portion of the whole, priced at x/10 of the original property's valuation. 

A novel approach to setting selling prices is implemented through a decentralized consensus mechanism where the price is determined by the highest voted value, often exceeding the property's original worth. This equitable appreciation benefits all token holders. When a buyer expresses interest, a further consensus mechanism takes place. To proceed with the sale, a majority agreement of over 50% is required among token holders to decide whether to sell to the prospective buyer. 

Additionally, this revolutionary concept allows original property owners to set royalty fees on each token's resale. This royalty fee mechanism ensures that the seller continues to benefit from the appreciation of the property even after the initial sale. 

Furthermore, this project is powered by the ERC1155 token standard, allowing for batch minting. Sellers can list all the plots/parts of their real estate simultaneously, streamlining the process and enhancing user convenience. This project not only democratizes real estate investment but also promotes a decentralized and participatory approach to wealth creation in the real estate market, all while providing a sustainable means for property owners to receive ongoing benefits from their real estate assets. It represents a significant step towards an inclusive, decentralized real estate ecosystem where the power of blockchain technology is harnessed to facilitate property ownership for a wider audience.

In today's dynamic job market, individuals face challenges in proving their worth and accessing suitable opportunities for career growth, while businesses struggle with the need to rely on trust when verifying backgrounds and skills. In this context, Levup presents a revolutionary solution that leverages the power of blockchain technology and AI to create a decentralized platform that bridges the gap between recruitment and learning ecosystems. Unlike traditional systems that operate in isolation, Levup connects diverse learning entities, such as universities, course providers, and events, with the job ecosystem. By doing so, it establishes a unique platform where individuals can showcase their skills and experiences, verify their credentials, and embark on customized learning paths of improvement.

The core of Levup's platform lies in its base layer, built on the Internet Computer Protocol, which ensures the immutability and security of digital identities, certifications, and professional records. Unlocking the full potential of AI algorithms thanks to the underlying data verification system, it further facilitates efficient and transparent connections between individuals and organizations, it designs tailor-made learning paths, and enables users to own and monetize original content.

Moreover, Levup aims to provide a platform where aspiring entrepreneurs can build their startups, leveraging a reliable environment and tailored-support offered. Inside of the ecosystem, employers benefit from a reliable and transparent talent pool, while learning providers can increase their user base while contributing to the platform growth.

With a clear vision of empowering career journeys and a mission to provide equitable access to education and employment opportunities, Levup is poised to disrupt recruitment and learning markets. By embracing transformative potential of Web3, it positions itself at the forefront of innovation, bringing trust, transparency, and growth potential to users' careers.

Our blockchain-based platform aims to streamline the visa and permit application process in Hong Kong by prioritizing security and privacy, leveraging efficiency and automation, ensuring transparency and trust, and focusing on the unique needs of individuals from Southeast Asian countries. 

The platform utilizes a private blockchain network, smart contracts, and verification and authentication mechanisms to provide a secure, efficient, and trustworthy solution for both applicants and government entities, revolutionizing the application process for individuals from Southeast Asian countries seeking visas, job permits, and living permits in Hong Kong.

Plastic is all around us. Most things in the world are made of plastic, from the one of the tiniest thing to the biggest we use in our daily lives. However, the plastic is necessary but harmful in the same time. When plastic is produced, it is made from toxic materials such as benzene and vinyl hydrochloride. It is destined to be toxic from birth to forever. These chemicals are known to cause cancer and the manufacturing byproducts contaminate our air and soil. According to the OECD Global Plastic Outlook, the world generated 353 million tonnes of plastic waste in 2019, a number which has doubled since 2000. We will first start with ourselves. Our country faces with a very large amount of plastic, not only us but also our neighborhood countries such as Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and other countries located on the Balkan. Our city Ohrid is a tourist center and is visited by many people, but they are not aware of how much waste is thrown on the sidewalks, in parks, simply everywhere around us. In North Macedonia there are over 1000 illegal landfills full with garbage.

Estate On Block is a groundbreaking blockchain-powered platform designed to revolutionize the real estate rental industry by enhancing transparency, reducing discrimination, and making rental transactions more equitable and accessible. Traditional rental platforms suffer from a lack of information transparency, discrimination issues, and unclear lease terms, which Estate on Block aims to address through the implementation of blockchain technology.

The solution utilizes blockchain for its inherent data integrity, transparency, and accessibility. Key features of Estate on Block include decentralized identity verification, anonymous tenant profiles, smart-contract-based lease terms, regulatory compliance, transparent property listings, decentralized reviews and ratings, efficient property management, real estate tokenization, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT).

What sets Estate on Block apart from its competitors are its core differentiators, including decentralization, anonymous profiles to combat discrimination, and immutable data that ensures transparency and trust. The platform's benefits encompass transparency, reduced discrimination through anonymous profiles and smart contracts, increased efficiency in rental processes, and a foundation of trust through decentralized reviews and ratings.

Potential risks, such as the complexity of blockchain technology, regulatory uncertainties, and adoption challenges, are mitigated through user-friendly interfaces, continuous legal reviews, and incentives for early adopters.

The critical success factors for Estate on Block include user adoption, regulatory compliance, and ongoing platform improvement based on user feedback and technological advancements.

The workflow for tenants and property owners on Estate on Block involves onboarding, listing and search, engagement and transaction, regulatory compliance, and post-transaction feedback. Tenants and property owners can create profiles, list properties, engage in transparent negotiations facilitated by smart contracts, and provide feedback after transactions.

Estate on Block envisions a future where rental transactions are characterized by transparency, trustworthiness, and freedom from unwarranted biases, ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity to find their next home.

In a globalized world, efficient visa applications are the gateway to international travel and immigration. However, the current process is marred by challenges such as data security, inefficiency, and a lack of transparency. Our project, a trusted visa application app powered by blockchain technology, seeks to revolutionize this process.

Our solution empowers travelers and embassy officials by offering selective data sharing, utilizing blockchain technology for security and transparency, and introducing features like data validation, digital notarization, and lost document recovery. The market opportunity is vast, with a growing global demand for efficient visa application solutions.

Our business model ensures sustainability and growth, with revenue generated through subscription fees, transaction fees, and strategic partnerships. However, potential risks and challenges, including regulatory compliance and competition, are acknowledged, and mitigation strategies are in place.

This project is not just about technology. It's about transforming the way we travel and ensuring that the visa application process is secure, efficient, and user-centric. With a clear value proposition, a visionary team, and a commitment to resolving pressing issues, our trusted visa application app aims to set new standards in global travel and immigration services.

In the present era, the construction industry significantly contributes to urban pollution. Establishing smart cities is imperative for societal and organizational well-being, driven by resource efficiency and long-term sustainability goals. Urban planning emerges as a promising solution, offering enhanced building designs and resource allocation. However, this process is often time-consuming and costly, especially for simple structures, making it less efficient. Moreover, a lack of awareness about sustainable practices often hinders individuals and organizations from realizing the potential for improved construction through minor design adjustments.

Enter EcoTransform, a revolutionary solution designed to address these challenges. It enables users to import construction models and provides sustainable design ideas. EcoTransform employs AI enhancements that optimize hydrodynamics, energy efficiency, and natural resource utilization. Additionally, it offers recommendations for environmentally friendly materials and connects users with eco-conscious suppliers through the transparent and traceable blockchain platform. The software goes beyond design, allowing users to create blockchain token contracts that adjust costs based on environmental choices. Moreover, it assists organizations in achieving green building certifications such as LEED, unlocking the full spectrum of benefits associated with eco-friendly construction practices.

EcoTransform represents a groundbreaking approach to sustainable urban planning, enhancing both ecological and economic outcomes while simplifying the path to environmentally responsible construction.

In recent years, the intersection of the digital realm with fashion has given birth to an innovative landscape: digital fashion through Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). This paper introduces a unique marketplace, integrating cutting-edge technologies to offer a comprehensive experience. The platform showcases five distinct product types: Virtual Reality (VR), 3D modeling, Augmented Reality (AR), hard copy with technical design, and soft copy garments. The evolution doesn't end at purchasing; the platform integrates Internet of Things (IoT) devices coupled with blockchain to seamlessly manage the supply chain of physical garments. Recognizing the environmental impact of fashion waste, we introduce a cloth recycling feature. Once a garment completes its life cycle, it can be recycled, with its history preserved on the blockchain. You can buy once print lifetime if your design doesn’t have a technical design you also can design in the future.

To cater to our diverse clientele, we've incorporated features such as annual collection launches, a seller interface, and a "Lucky Draw" system. Furthermore, NFT garment owners can resell their digital assets.  Notably, our innovative "MARKET x" feature enables sellers to showcase new NFT garment designs, providing fashion houses an exclusive platform to purchase innovative clothing concepts. From MARKET X can hire a personal designer.  This also serves as a bridge for the fashion industry, enabling them to purchase and utilize these unique digital fashion pieces. Our platform not only stands as a testament to the future of fashion but also demonstrates the infinite possibilities when technology meets creativity.

Nero | AI Solutions offers customised software solutions for entities who wish to be able to query datasets with a vast amount of information. We do this through the use of Large Language Models (LLMs), which allow the user to simply ask a question to the chat interface and get an accurate answer based on the data fed to the algorithm.

The idea was birthed from the tediousness of spending countless hours scouring our University’s website for information. By taking advantage of recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), we decided to tackle this issue and ideate a way for students to have a faster, simpler, and more efficient way to obtain information from our University’s database and website.

After creating a working version of the program, it was successfully able to perform how we desired, and return the information directly from the university website, providing both summaries of the information and links to the source where the information came from.

After development of this technology, we realised the potential our tool has, particularly in its adaptability to various data collections and real-time data retrieval from hosting servers. This realisation prompted us to engage with businesses in Europe and the US to inquire about challenges related to information dissemination, and product promotion. The concept of a simplified query-based data collections generated significant enthusiasm, leading us to identify another potential application in the government sector, where the inherent complexity of bureaucracy could be eased through the customization of our software for government data.

Riding the wave of the ideas, we decided to split the focus of our endeavours in three colour-coded categories explained in Appendix I.

The colour coding scheme mirrors our company's name, Nero (italian for “black”). Just as black serves as the foundational hue from which these colours emerge, we serve as the catalyst for the growth and development of the associated sectors.

The "Block Tree" project is an innovative concept that merges virtual reality with real-world ecological impact, utilizing blockchain technology and digital twins. In this metaverse, users cultivate virtual forests, where each tree represents an actual tree planted in global reforestation efforts, employing digital twin technology for authenticity. The project offers a transparent system for tracking and rewarding environmental contributions, allowing individuals, corporations, and organizations to collaboratively tackle deforestation, enhance biodiversity, and contribute to carbon sequestration. It combines the gaming experience of "Sim City" and "Forge of Empires" with "Sandbox"-style blockchain functionality, creating an engaging and instructive digital ecosystem.

The Block Tree Reforestation Metaverse is designed to synergize technology, gaming, education, and environmental conservation. Its goal is to combat deforestation, boost biodiversity, and promote sustainable land management globally. By integrating blockchain, it enables users to plant virtual trees linked to real trees in reforestation projects, ensuring transparency and building trust. Furthermore, the metaverse educates users about environmental issues, fostering a community of environmentally conscious individuals, businesses, and groups.

Procrastination is a perennial, global problem among students regardless of their educational level, which may result in academic neglect and failure. Poverty is also a perennial and global problem rooted in numerous complex factors and processes that continually deny the underprivileged opportunities to prosper. A consequence of these problems is the rise in mental health issues, especially in the Philippines. Responding to these problems highlighted by three Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Quality Education, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Good Health and Well-Being, EduTrack bridges their potential solutions and mitigations with a blockchain-powered system for productivity, incentives, and charity.

The blockchain system works by incentivizing students upon completion of their coursework and providing them with the means to donate to underprivileged communities using their incentives. Students who struggle with financial, mental, or other matters may also spend their earned incentives for themselves. The role of blockchain here is to secure all transactions and data and smoothen all processes without requiring third-party intermediaries. This system not only motivates students to fulfill their school responsibilities and experience quality education but also aids in developing disadvantaged communities, potentially resulting in improved health and welfare among students and communities. Alternatives to EduTrack either have counterproductive repercussions, focus on one audience only, or offer different functionalities that may work together with the blockchain system. However, the system comes with risks and critical success factors that can hinder it from achieving its goals. With proper funding and support, the EduTrack initiative may emerge as one of the successful contributions to society and blockchain.

This paper introduces Project Balayong, a groundbreaking initiative designed to facilitate the reintegration of Formerly Incarcerated Persons (FIPs) into society. FIPs face numerous barriers to building sustainable lives, including employment challenges, societal stigmatization, and explicit discrimination, which result in escalating rates of unemployment and homelessness upon release. The core objective of Project Balayong is to reduce the stigma surrounding FIPs by providing employers with a transparent and immutable summary of an individual's time spent in prison through an electronic-curriculum vitae (e-CV), powered by blockchain technology. Additionally, Project Balayong offers an online job board, enabling employers to identify potential FIP candidates for employment post-release.

The profound impact of Project Balayong extends far beyond its innovative approach to rehabilitation. By enabling FIPs to present a record of their positive activities during incarceration, it empowers them with a renewed sense of purpose and self-worth. With access to employment opportunities and a fair chance at reintegrating into society, FIPs are less likely to resort to criminal activities out of necessity. This shift not only reduces recidivism rates but also alleviates the burden on the penal system and law enforcement agencies. Moreover, as employers participate in this transformative initiative, they become champions of social change, fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society. Project Balayong represents a beacon of hope for FIPs, a testament to society's commitment to second chances, and a step toward a more equitable and harmonious future for all.

This initiative champions social inclusivity through blockchain technology, empowering Formerly Incarcerated Persons and advocating for second chances, equity, and individual potential.

Invest in the crypto assets market with professionals.

Our company mainly solves two of the designated problems A and B. More specifically our company will help clients to invest in the crypto asset market avoiding high risks as well as raise awareness of how crypto asset markets work at the institutional level. To address these challenges, a key element of our company is the use of blockchain to transparently provide data to our clients.

We present you a mutual fund management company in the crypto asset market. Our company provides a huge number of funds of different types, such as index funds, active management funds and automated funds. With such a wide range of options, a client can make an investment in the crypto asset market based on their preference for returns and risk.

In an era where fast fashion's allure meets heightened ethical and environmental awareness, a transparent and actionable solution becomes imperative. This paper introduces a novel approach: a blockchain-backed Front-Of-Pack Labeling (FOPL) system for the fashion industry. Merging the dynamism of fast fashion with blockchain's transparency, we propose an FOPL system that offers consumers an immediate, visual representation of garment sustainability. By utilizing QR Codes and NFC Tags, consumers gain access to a garment's comprehensive lifecycle—ranging from sourcing and production to distribution. Furthermore, an extensive set of sustainability metrics, including water usage, energy consumption, and fair trade practices, forms the basis of a holistic sustainability score. While the initial financial and technological hurdles of integrating blockchain are acknowledged, the potential long-term benefits of brand differentiation, customer loyalty, and ethical responsibility present a promising future. Through this initiative, we envision not only a more transparent fashion industry but also empower consumers to make informed and sustainable choices.

Our blockchain-powered electronic examination system marks a profound shift in educational assessments. Leveraging blockchain’s immutable nature, we introduce a seamless, secure examination management process. It commences with student registration, where individuals establish unique blockchain identities, guaranteeing personal data integrity. 

The core of our innovation resides in the examination process. All questions and answers reside securely on the blockchain, impervious to manipulation or fraud. Students engage via a user-friendly interface, submitting answers directly to the blockchain. Smart contracts execute automatic grading, ensuring consistency and banishing human error. 

Our distinctive feature lies in unwavering commitment to transparency and security. System-issued electronic certificates are verifiable and tamper-proof, bolstering academic achievements’ credibility. To fortify security, biometric authentication (e.g., facial recognition or fingerprint identification) validates the test-taker as the registered student. 

A prominent differentiator is advanced cryptography use, including Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), ensuring examination records’ confidentiality. ZKPs allow data integrity verification without sensitive information exposure, preserving privacy and averting answer leaks. 

We champion fairness and inclusivity, echoing Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Our system dismantles resource-based barriers, affording quality education to all, neutralizing socio-economic impact on learning outcomes. 

Our solution’s merits are multifaceted. It instills assessment process confidence, curbs cheating, and streamlines institutional administration. It empowers students and institutions alike to champion education’s highest standards, nurturing a future where quality education is an inalienable right for all.

In response to the challenges facing traditional e-learning platforms, we're excited to present our innovative e-learning solution built on blockchain technology. This platform addresses the crucial issue identified by Tara Wagner: the lack of engagement and accountability in current online courses. We understand that learners often purchase courses without fully committing to them, and our goal is to change that by ensuring learners not only enroll but also achieve real, measurable results. 

Our solution revolves around the integration of gamification and blockchain technology. By infusing the learning experience with gamification elements such as badges, leaderboards, and interactive quizzes, we aim to make learning more engaging and rewarding. Learners are incentivized to actively participate, complete modules, and engage with course content to earn valuable rewards. A central pillar of our innovation is the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Each course, module, or significant achievement is represented as a unique NFT. This NFT-based system serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it serves as a digital certificate, providing learners with a concrete and verifiable proof of their accomplishments. Secondly, it enables learners to collect and trade these NFTs, fostering a sense of ownership and accomplishment. To further enhance the learning experience, we leverage the transparency and security of blockchain technology. Learners' progress, achievements, and NFTs are securely recorded on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and mitigating the risk of fraud. This blockchain-based approach also enables the creation of a decentralized ecosystem, where educators can directly create, market, and sell their courses to learners, cutting out intermediaries and reducing costs. 

Our platform boasts a user-friendly interface, ensuring accessibility for learners of all levels, from novices to experts. Additionally, we offer a robust analytics system that allows both learners and educators to track progress and assess course effectiveness. Learners can pinpoint areas for Related SDG’s: SDG 1: Anti-poverty SDG 2: Food supply chain SDG 3: Healthcare SDG 4: Equal-opportunity education SDG 5: Employment equality SDG 6: Drinking water SDG 9: Industry 4.0(UN Sustainable Development Goals)

Our project aims to solve the issue of athlete registration cards (ARCs). To participate in sports competitions, students need to obtain an ARC from the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation (HKSSF) by providing a bunch of personal information. However, these ARCs have a validity period of only one year. In addition, if students transfer to another school, they need to apply for a new card and also pay again, which increases the workload and cost for both students and HKSSF. Therefore, we propose to improve the ARC application system by creating an electronic ARC.

Regarding the issue of transferring schools, students can maintain their own data, which ensures that they can submit it to HKSSF regardless of which school they transfer to. If students need to change their data, they can add new data to the blockchain themselves, and HKSSF can be informed of the update.

Lastly, in terms of security issues, as the blockchain system protects the data, and only the owner of the data can authorize others to access it, it ensures that only authorized accounts, such as HKSSF, can access the data. Additionally, blockchain increases transparency since all data is not controlled by HKSSF alone. In the end, the ARC will be electronic, removing the risk of losing or damaging the ARC.